美国精神病学家萨利文简介？谢谢啊！ 美国科学家何时攻克精神病
作者&投稿：郸肥
2024-06-30
Frieda Fromm-Reichmann是谁
个人介绍
沙利文，Harry Stack Sullivan (1892～1949)，美国精神病医生和精神分析理论家、新
精神分析学派代表人物之一。祖籍为爱尔兰。1892年 2月21日生于美国纽约州的诺威奇，1949年 1月14日卒于巴黎。1917年在芝加哥医学院获医学博士。在进入精神病学界以前，曾在第一次世界大战中任军医，其后在包括公共卫生服务中心在内的若干研究所服务。他深受著名神经精神病学家W.A.怀特的影响，致力于精神分裂症研究。他也是一位医学教育工作者和社会活动家。为了纪念怀特，他后半生创设了怀特基金会，任华盛顿精神病学校校长，以及《精神病学》杂志编辑，以此促进他的人际关系理论。
贡献
沙利文受当代哲学思潮的影响，企图将精神病与其他学科如自然哲学、人类学、生物学、语言学和行为学等结合起来，他以其独特方法，并以人际关系心理过程为主要参数，构成其新的精神分析理论体系。他有两大贡献：①认为精神分裂症主要由于患者的童年人际关系的失调，产生了严重的焦虑，从而导致经验组织的分裂；②提出了自我系统概念，主张人生来就有追求满足和安全的需要，在人际关系中逐渐形成了稳定的人格模式。在他的理论中，包括了机能主义、新行为主义和格式塔心理学中的一些概念，体现了资本主义社会中折衷主义思想的典型倾向。
参加的活动
沙利文晚年仍积极参加社会活动，参与联合国教科文组织和国际心理卫生会议的活动。他生前只出版了一本著作：《现代精神病学概论》(1947)。他的许多演讲记录、笔记和手稿，由其同事陆续编辑出版，有《精神病学的人际理论》(1953)、《精神病会谈法》(1964)、《作为人的一种过程：精神分裂症》(1962)、《精神病学与社会的融合》(1964)、《平民精神病学》(1972)等。沙利文的人际关系说对当时美国的新精神分析理论影响很大，K.霍妮和E.弗罗姆都受了他的影响。
Harry Stack Sullivan (February 21, 1892, Norwich, New York – January 14, 1949, Paris, France) was a U.S. psychiatrist whose work in psychoanalysis was based on direct and verifiable observation (versus the more abstract conceptions of the unconscious mind favored by Sigmund Freud and his disciples).
Contents [hide]
1 Life and works
2 Writings
3 Works
4 References
5 External links
[edit] Life and worksSullivan was a child of Irish immigrants and allegedly grew up in an anti-Catholic town. This resulted in social isolation which might have been the incentive for his later interest in psychiatry. He attended the Smyrna Union School after graduating there spent two years at Cornell University from 1909.[1] He received his medical degree in Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery in 1917.
Along with Clara Thompson, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, Erik H. Erikson, and Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, Sullivan laid the groundwork for understanding the individual based on the network of relationships in which he or she is enmeshed. He developed a theory of psychiatry based on interpersonal relationships[2] where cultural forces are largely responsible for mental illnesses (see also social psychiatry). In his words, one must pay attention to the "interactional", not the "intrapsychic". This search for satisfaction via personal involvement with others led Sullivan to characterize loneliness as the most painful of human experiences. He also extended the Freudian psychoanalysis to the treatment of patients with severe mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia.
Besides making the first mention of the significant other in psychological literature, Sullivan developed the Self System, a configuration of the personality traits developed in childhood and reinforced by positive affirmation and the security operations developed in childhood to avoid anxiety and threats to self-esteem. Sullivan further defined the Self System as a steering mechanism toward a series of I-You interlocking behaviors; that is, what an individual does is meant to elicit a particular reaction. Sullivan called these behaviors parataxic integrations, and he noted that such action-reaction combinations can become rigid and dominate an adult's thinking pattern, limiting its actions and reactions toward the world as the adult sees it and not as it really is. The resulting inaccuracies in judgement Sullivan termed parataxic distortion, when other persons are perceived or evaluated based on the patterns of previous experience, similar to Freud's notion of transference. Sullivan also introduced the concept of "prototaxic communication" as a more primitive, needy, infantile form of psychic interchange and of "syntactic communication" as a mature style of emotional interaction.
Sullivan's work on interpersonal relationships became the foundation of interpersonal psychoanalysis, a school of psychoanalytic theory and treatment that stresses the detailed exploration of the nuances of patients' patterns of interacting with others.
Sullivan was the first to coin the term "problems in living" to describe the difficulties with self and others experienced by those with so-called mental illnesses. This phrase was later picked up and popularized by Thomas Szasz, whose work was a foundational resource for the antipsychiatry movement. "Problems in living" went on to become the movement's preferred way to refer to the manifestations of mental disturbances.
He was one of the founders of the William Alanson White Institute, considered by many to be the world's leading independent psychoanalytic institute, and of the journal Psychiatry in 1937. He headed the Washington School of Psychiatry (DC) from 1936 to 1947.
He made his reputation based on his experimental treatment ward for schizophrenics at the Sheppard Pratt Hospital, between 1925-29. He employed specially trained ward attendants to work with the patients to provide them with the peer relationships he believed they'd missed out on during the latency period of development. Doctors, nurses and other authority figures were banned from the ward. He believed there was a homosexual element to latency age peer relationships and that a failure to go through this stage led to self-loathing, a withdrawal from the world in fantasy and psychosis, and a failure to move on to heterosexual adjustment. Thus the patients, who were all young male homosexuals as well as schizophrenics, in their positive interactions with the attendants, also young male homosexuals, would heal the wounds from missing male intimacy as pre-people. One patient, Jimmie, came to the ward at fifteen and later moved in with Sullivan and became his lover for many years. Jimmie was known to Sullivan's associates as his adopted son, a fiction whereby he could keep his sexual identity in the closet.[3]
[edit] WritingsAlthough Sullivan published little in his lifetime, he influenced generations of mental health professionals, especially through his lectures at Chestnut Lodge in Washington DC. Leston Havens called him the most important underground influence in American psychoanalysis. His ideas were collected and published posthumously, edited by Helen Swick Perry, who also published a detailed biography in 1982 (Perry, 1982, Psychiatrist of America). The following works are in Special Collections(MSA SC 5547)at the Maryland State Archives in Annapolis: Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry, Soundscriber Transcriptions (Feb. 1945-May 1945); Lectures 1-97 (begins Oct. 2, 1942); Georgetown University Medical School Lectures (1939); Personal Psychopathology (1929–1933); The Psychiatry of Character and its Deviations-undated notes.
[edit] WorksHis writings include The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry (1953) [1]; "The Psychiatric Interview" (1954),Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry (1947/1966); and" Schizophrenia as a Human Process (1962).
[edit] References1.^ Kimble, Gregory A.; Wertheimer, Michael; White, Charlotte (1991). Portraits of pioneers in psychology, Volume 1. Routledge. pp. 328. ISBN 0805811362.
2.^ Rioch DM (May 1985). "Recollections of Harry Stack Sullivan and of the development of his interpersonal psychiatry". Psychiatry 48 (2): 141–58. PMID 3887444.
3.^ Saints and rogues By E. Mark Stern, Robert B. Marchesani; p. 10
[edit] External linksWilliam Alanson White Institute
[book] Evans, F. Barton (1996). Harry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory and Psychotherapy. London: Routledge.
Persondata
Name Sullivan, Harry Stack
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth February 21, 1892
Place of birth
Date of death January 14, 1949
Place of death
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弗瑞达 弗罗姆-瑞茨曼（1889年10月23日生于卡尔斯鲁厄，1957年4月28日在美国马里兰州的罗克维尔去世）是一位德裔美籍心理分析师和心理治疗师。她被认为是应用心理分析治疗精神病的先驱之一，是新精神分析学的代表人物
在美国，受过医学训练的精神分析家有个最大的团体，就是"美国精神分析家协会"（AmericanPsychonanalyticAssociation）。约有一千名会员。属于这个协会的分析家都相信弗洛伊德的学说。但也有相当数目的同类分析家（具有医学基础的）与这个团体没有关联。（见下述"所有精神分析家在原理上的看法一致吗?"一节）。比较如下：约有一万二千名精神科医师加入"美国精神医学协会"（TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation）。"美国心理学协会"（AmericanpsychologicalAssociation）有一万八千名心理学家。依照估计，约有六千名美国的心理学家没有加入这个协会。按美国医学协会（AmericanMedicalAssociation）的统计，二十万以上的医生从事各种身体治疗的工作。
哈里·斯塔克·沙利文个人介绍
沙利文，Harry Stack Sullivan (1892～1949)，美国精神病医生和精神分析理论家、新
精神分析学派代表人物之一。祖籍为爱尔兰。1892年 2月21日生于美国纽约州的诺威奇，1949年 1月14日卒于巴黎。1917年在芝加哥医学院获医学博士。在进入精神病学界以前，曾在第一次世界大战中任军医，其后在包括公共卫生服务中心在内的若干研究所服务。他深受著名神经精神病学家W.A.怀特的影响，致力于精神分裂症研究。他也是一位医学教育工作者和社会活动家。为了纪念怀特，他后半生创设了怀特基金会，任华盛顿精神病学校校长，以及《精神病学》杂志编辑，以此促进他的人际关系理论。
贡献
沙利文受当代哲学思潮的影响，企图将精神病与其他学科如自然哲学、人类学、生物学、语言学和行为学等结合起来，他以其独特方法，并以人际关系心理过程为主要参数，构成其新的精神分析理论体系。他有两大贡献：①认为精神分裂症主要由于患者的童年人际关系的失调，产生了严重的焦虑，从而导致经验组织的分裂；②提出了自我系统概念，主张人生来就有追求满足和安全的需要，在人际关系中逐渐形成了稳定的人格模式。在他的理论中，包括了机能主义、新行为主义和格式塔心理学中的一些概念，体现了资本主义社会中折衷主义思想的典型倾向。
参加的活动
沙利文晚年仍积极参加社会活动，参与联合国教科文组织和国际心理卫生会议的活动。他生前只出版了一本著作：《现代精神病学概论》(1947)。他的许多演讲记录、笔记和手稿，由其同事陆续编辑出版，有《精神病学的人际理论》(1953)、《精神病会谈法》(1964)、《作为人的一种过程：精神分裂症》(1962)、《精神病学与社会的融合》(1964)、《平民精神病学》(1972)等。沙利文的人际关系说对当时美国的新精神分析理论影响很大，K.霍妮和E.弗罗姆都受了他的影响。
Harry Stack Sullivan (February 21, 1892, Norwich, New York – January 14, 1949, Paris, France) was a U.S. psychiatrist whose work in psychoanalysis was based on direct and verifiable observation (versus the more abstract conceptions of the unconscious mind favored by Sigmund Freud and his disciples).
Contents [hide]
1 Life and works
2 Writings
3 Works
4 References
5 External links
[edit] Life and worksSullivan was a child of Irish immigrants and allegedly grew up in an anti-Catholic town. This resulted in social isolation which might have been the incentive for his later interest in psychiatry. He attended the Smyrna Union School after graduating there spent two years at Cornell University from 1909.[1] He received his medical degree in Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery in 1917.
Along with Clara Thompson, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, Erik H. Erikson, and Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, Sullivan laid the groundwork for understanding the individual based on the network of relationships in which he or she is enmeshed. He developed a theory of psychiatry based on interpersonal relationships[2] where cultural forces are largely responsible for mental illnesses (see also social psychiatry). In his words, one must pay attention to the "interactional", not the "intrapsychic". This search for satisfaction via personal involvement with others led Sullivan to characterize loneliness as the most painful of human experiences. He also extended the Freudian psychoanalysis to the treatment of patients with severe mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia.
Besides making the first mention of the significant other in psychological literature, Sullivan developed the Self System, a configuration of the personality traits developed in childhood and reinforced by positive affirmation and the security operations developed in childhood to avoid anxiety and threats to self-esteem. Sullivan further defined the Self System as a steering mechanism toward a series of I-You interlocking behaviors; that is, what an individual does is meant to elicit a particular reaction. Sullivan called these behaviors parataxic integrations, and he noted that such action-reaction combinations can become rigid and dominate an adult's thinking pattern, limiting its actions and reactions toward the world as the adult sees it and not as it really is. The resulting inaccuracies in judgement Sullivan termed parataxic distortion, when other persons are perceived or evaluated based on the patterns of previous experience, similar to Freud's notion of transference. Sullivan also introduced the concept of "prototaxic communication" as a more primitive, needy, infantile form of psychic interchange and of "syntactic communication" as a mature style of emotional interaction.
Sullivan's work on interpersonal relationships became the foundation of interpersonal psychoanalysis, a school of psychoanalytic theory and treatment that stresses the detailed exploration of the nuances of patients' patterns of interacting with others.
Sullivan was the first to coin the term "problems in living" to describe the difficulties with self and others experienced by those with so-called mental illnesses. This phrase was later picked up and popularized by Thomas Szasz, whose work was a foundational resource for the antipsychiatry movement. "Problems in living" went on to become the movement's preferred way to refer to the manifestations of mental disturbances.
He was one of the founders of the William Alanson White Institute, considered by many to be the world's leading independent psychoanalytic institute, and of the journal Psychiatry in 1937. He headed the Washington School of Psychiatry (DC) from 1936 to 1947.
He made his reputation based on his experimental treatment ward for schizophrenics at the Sheppard Pratt Hospital, between 1925-29. He employed specially trained ward attendants to work with the patients to provide them with the peer relationships he believed they'd missed out on during the latency period of development. Doctors, nurses and other authority figures were banned from the ward. He believed there was a homosexual element to latency age peer relationships and that a failure to go through this stage led to self-loathing, a withdrawal from the world in fantasy and psychosis, and a failure to move on to heterosexual adjustment. Thus the patients, who were all young male homosexuals as well as schizophrenics, in their positive interactions with the attendants, also young male homosexuals, would heal the wounds from missing male intimacy as pre-people. One patient, Jimmie, came to the ward at fifteen and later moved in with Sullivan and became his lover for many years. Jimmie was known to Sullivan's associates as his adopted son, a fiction whereby he could keep his sexual identity in the closet.[3]
[edit] WritingsAlthough Sullivan published little in his lifetime, he influenced generations of mental health professionals, especially through his lectures at Chestnut Lodge in Washington DC. Leston Havens called him the most important underground influence in American psychoanalysis. His ideas were collected and published posthumously, edited by Helen Swick Perry, who also published a detailed biography in 1982 (Perry, 1982, Psychiatrist of America). The following works are in Special Collections(MSA SC 5547)at the Maryland State Archives in Annapolis: Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry, Soundscriber Transcriptions (Feb. 1945-May 1945); Lectures 1-97 (begins Oct. 2, 1942); Georgetown University Medical School Lectures (1939); Personal Psychopathology (1929–1933); The Psychiatry of Character and its Deviations-undated notes.
[edit] WorksHis writings include The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry (1953) [1]; "The Psychiatric Interview" (1954),Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry (1947/1966); and" Schizophrenia as a Human Process (1962).
[edit] References1.^ Kimble, Gregory A.; Wertheimer, Michael; White, Charlotte (1991). Portraits of pioneers in psychology, Volume 1. Routledge. pp. 328. ISBN 0805811362.
2.^ Rioch DM (May 1985). "Recollections of Harry Stack Sullivan and of the development of his interpersonal psychiatry". Psychiatry 48 (2): 141–58. PMID 3887444.
3.^ Saints and rogues By E. Mark Stern, Robert B. Marchesani; p. 10
[edit] External linksWilliam Alanson White Institute
[book] Evans, F. Barton (1996). Harry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory and Psychotherapy. London: Routledge.
Persondata
Name Sullivan, Harry Stack
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth February 21, 1892
Place of birth
Date of death January 14, 1949
Place of death
你是否需要了解？
美国精神病学家萨利文简介?谢谢啊!
答：祖籍为爱尔兰。1892年 2月21日生于美国纽约州的诺威奇，1949年 1月14日卒于巴黎。1917年在芝加哥医学院获医学博士。在进入精神病学界以前，曾在第一次世界大战中任军医，其后在包括公共卫生服务中心在内的若干研究所服务。他深受著名神经精神病学家W.A.怀特的影响，致力于精神分裂症研究。他也是一位...
美国精神病学家萨利文简介?谢谢啊!
答：1. 哈里·斯塔克·沙利文是美国精神病医生和精神分析理论家，也是新精神分析学派的代表人物之一。他的祖籍是爱尔兰，1892年2月21日出生于美国纽约州的诺威奇，1949年1月14日在巴黎去世。2. 沙利文在1917年于芝加哥医学院获得医学博士学位。在成为精神病医生之前，他曾在第一次世界大战中担任军医。之后，他...