请大家告诉我初中英语的特殊句式(宾语从句)啊这一类的。 初中英语必学的句式,如宾语从句等。

作者&投稿:浦枫 2024-06-30
求初中英语中宾语从句的用法

一、宾语从句是复合句的一种,在句子中主要用来作动词或介词的宾语
宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;
主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;
主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;
陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。
.当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制,根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如:
I know that he'll come back in an hour.
当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如:
He said that he would go to Beijing.
当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如:
He said that the earth moves round the sun.
陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,口语中常常省略;一般疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用if/whether;
特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。例如:
He'll leave a message on the desk. He says...
→He says that he'll leave a message on the desk.
特殊性:
A:当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词+do you think+陈述句语序。例如:
When do you think he'll come back?
当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等时,而且主句的主语是第一人称时,反意疑问句要和从句保持一致,并且要注意否定的转移。例如:
I think he'll come back soon, won't he?
宾语从句的转化
1.当主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, agree, choose, decide等带宾语从句时,而且主从句的主语一致时,这时从句可以简化成不定式结构。例如:
We hope that we shall see you soon.
→We hope to see you soon.
当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。例如:
I don't know which sweater I should buy.
→I don't know which sweater to buy
当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和间接宾语一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。例如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the park?
→Could you tell me how to get to the park?

http://wenku.baidu.com/view/c21f2adbad51f01dc281f179.html
还有:(一) 知识概要
初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种:
① 主语+不及物动词。如:I arrived at six last night.

② 主语+及物动词+宾语,如:I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.

③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.

④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.

⑤ 主语+系动词+表语,如:Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:There is a map on the wall 其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要换用have,如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点:

① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如: The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。

③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如: This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.

④有些形单却意为复数的名词,如: People are coming here 这样的词还有 Police, 如果要讲一个警察时,应讲 a policeman。 两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen

⑤ 所有不定代词 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something … 要作为单数如: Someone is waiting for you 在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有: and not only … but also, neither … nor, either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示转折关系的并列连词有: but 和 yet, 如: She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有:or, either … or,如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有: for, so 如: They studied very hard, so they all passed the exam

宾语从句

① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如: I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如: I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口语中常常被省略。如: I am sure (that) she has passed the exam

②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时,要用 whether, 如: I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not

③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如: I don't understand what you said (what 作 said 的宾语)。又如: I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。

④ who,它也和what一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份,如:I know who she is looking for?

⑤ whose 如: I want to know whose book this is?

⑥ which 如: Do you know which book is mine? 在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词,① how 它的应用最广,如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如: How much does it cost? ② when 它只是连接时间状语,如: Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它连接地点状语,如: Where are you from? ④ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句,如: The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.

在考试中常见到的考点是: 宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。

① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态, 如: I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。

②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如: 一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态。如: I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun

时间状语从句

其连接词有:after, before, when, as, as soon as, until (till), while, since, by 其中较难掌握的有以下几点:

① until (till) 直到,在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如: I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如: He didn't go to bed until his mother came back

② 由 since, for, by, before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如: I have studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如: I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 则多用于完成时, ago 则多用于一般过去时,如: He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago

③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如: If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过去进行时,如: He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park

考试中常见的考点有:要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如: I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如: I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow


原因状语

① because, 应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强,如: He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard

② since 应译为"既然",如: Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk

③ as 应译为"由于",如: As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首,如: He studies hard, for he wants to go to college

比较状语从句

同级比较 as … as, 如: This book is as good as that one 要注意的有两点:

① as … as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。

② 用形容词还是副词,如: Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为 not as (so) … as, 如: They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如: He is younger than I am

要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型:

① 比较级+and+比较级,如: The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful

② 定冠词 the + 比较级+ the + 比较级,如: The harder you study, the more you can learn 方式状语中要注意的是as (连词)与 like (介词)的区别。 as 作为连词其后接从句,如: Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略,如: Please do it as I 而 like 是介词,其后要接的是宾语,如: Please do it like me

结果和目的状语从句

主要有 so … that, so that, in order that等几种用法。

① so … that 用在单数可数名词前,so + 形容词 + a + 名词 + that,如: She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such + a + 形容词 + 名词 + that, 如: She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her

② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such, 如: It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如: They are such good players that they should win the game.

③ 在much, many, few, little 之前只能用so, 如: I have so little money that I can't buy it

④ so … that 之间只有形容词时,则不能用 such, 如: It is so good that I want to buy

⑤ so that 其后接从句,如: I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus
楼主可在百度里查,建议去书店买书看

因为已经看到有朋友为你讲述从句的问题了,讲解得很细致,所以我就不再解答了。但看到你追问的句子成分,我想将我手中的一点资料与你分享。
一、主要成分:
主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语
1.主语
主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。能充当主语的词:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。
数词: Four is enough for me. 四个对我来说就足够了。
Three and four makes seven.三加四等于七。
【特殊情况】
it 形式主语
例: It is our duty to try our best to learn English well.
It is very difficult for the young girl to carry the big box.
It is very kind of you to say so.
The +形容词(表一类)
例:The old need our help. 老人需要我们的照顾。
2.谓语
是“做什么”、“是什么”、“怎么样”。谓语主要指的动词(情态动词、连系动词、行为/实义动词、助动词)
助动词指的是:帮助完成时态、语态,或构成否定句、疑问句、简略回答等。主要有:be(is,am,are,was, were),do(does, did),have( has ,had),shall (should), will (would) 等。
行为/实义动词: 分及物动词(say)和不及物动词(talk) 、 延续性动词(keep)和瞬间性动词(borrow)、还有使役动词(make,have, let…)等
连系动词: be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, feel, keep,stay, become, get, go, turn, come, fall… (一般在使用连系动词时,会形成系动词+表语的结构。
3.表语
说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”。说明主语的特征、属性、状态和身份等。充当表语的可以是:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、doing 和done 、介词短语或从句等。
连系动词+… 就是系表结构。
4.宾语
宾语是及物动词所表示动作的对象或介词的对象,要放在谓语动词的后面或是介词后。
种类:直接宾语(动作的承受者)和间接宾语(动作是对谁或是为谁做的)例:Please give me(间宾) a glass of water(直宾).
可以做主语的词汇都可做宾语。
特殊:同源宾语 例:live a happy life laugh a good laugh 等。
5.定语
修饰名词或代词。一般由形容词、代词、数词、名词和名词所有格、doing 和done 等构成。放在前,形成前置定语。 例:my class。由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、doing 、done等,放在后,做后置定语。例:something interesting , the way to do …
从句也可以做定语,叫定语从句。一般放在所修饰的词汇后面,但也有放在前的情况。主要构成:先行部分+引导词+句子 例:I like the songs that I can sing along with.
6.状语
用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。指时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。
副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、形容词短语和名词短语等可以充当状语。
例:Native speakers speak very fast.
7.补语
一般指宾语补足语。为了补充说明宾语的。两者在逻辑上是主谓关系,当含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时,宾语补足语便是主语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、doing、done、不定式等都可以做补足语。
例:I find watching English movies frustrating because they speak too quickly.
8.同位语
对句子中某一成分做进一步解释、说明, 与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。常常置于被说明的词的后面。名词、代词、数词和从句都可以作同位语。
例:Shui junyi, a reporter from CCTV, is interviewing an important person.
We each have a new English book.

1.主语从句
1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有:
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
2.宾语从句
1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。

宾语从句:一个句子作宾语。其他的以此类推。真的,不知道你到底要问什么,你可以追问。

1.主语从句
2.宾语从句
3.表语从句
4.同位语从句
5.定语从句


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